The Ayurveda approach of explaining digestion is very simple and effective. The food we eat is digested by Agni or body fire which is present in our body. It is very much similar to the way we cook food. Indigestion can lead to the accumulation of toxins
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Table of content
Agni (metabolism) and digestion – Ayurveda view
The factors which help agni to digest the food completely.
Causes of imbalance of agni which lead to indigestion
The word “Indigestion” is commonly used to describe the discomfort in one’s belly mostly caused after food consumption. Fullness, bloating, nausea, heartburn are other symptoms of Indigestion. But in Ayurveda indigestion is known as “ajeerna” which can lead to the production of body toxins or ama. Ama blocks the minute channels of the body and hinders the normal function of the body.
Agni (metabolism) and digestion – Ayurveda view
Before discussing Indigestion, understanding the process of digestion is very essential. The Ayurveda approach of explaining digestion is very simple and effective. The food we eat is digested by Agni or body fire which is present in our body. It is very much similar to the way we cook food. The Agni or body fire helps to digest the food which is consumed, much like the fire of a stove cooks the food kept on it.
Types of Agni
The Agni is mainly situated in Jatara or in the upper part of the digestive system and is called as Jataragni. The Agni is further categorized as Bhootagni (which digests the 5 panchamahabhoota factors present in food), Dhatwagni (The agni present in 7 dhatus or tissues that help them to absorb required nutrients), Malagni ( the agni which helps in the formation of body wastes like stools, sweat, and urine). The Jataragni controls bhootagni, dhatwagni and malagni. Through this, it is evident that Ayurveda approach of digestion explains cellular metabolism too.
The factors which help Agni to digest the food completely. :
Thridoshas -Vata dosha , Pitta dosha, and Kapha dosha help Agni to digest the food. This can be understood through the following figure.
If the process of digestion is compared to that of cooking rice, the stomach, like the vessel, receives food. Vata provides the necessary conditions like the air blower, Pitta acts like the stove, providing optimum working conditions while Kapha provides the moisture needed much like the water in the vessel. When all these factors are normal and well balanced, an optimum condition is created to digest the food completely.
Types of Agni Imbalance
Indigestion occurs when Agni is imbalanced by the factors (tridoshas) which help Agni to digest food. The variations of agni due to tridoshas are of 4 types.
Samagni (balanced agni) :
The Agni which is well balanced due to balanced tridoshas indicates the condition called Samagni . Samagni digests the food completely and nourishes the body tissues very well.
Vishamaagni (varying agni):-
When vata is predominant this condition surfaces. The regular food gets digested normally on some occasions and poorly on others. Vata increasing foods and lifestyles lead to this condition. This variation of agni causes constipation, flatulence, pain in abdomen and other vata predominant diseases. The indigestion caused by this type of agni is called Vistabdhajeerna
Teekshnagni (increased agni) :
This variation of Agni occurs due to the predominance of pitta. Pitta increasing foods and lifestyle cause this variation. This variation of agni causes increased hunger, thirst, acidity, heartburn, and loose motions. Indigestion thus caused is called Vidagdajeerna.
Mandagni (decreased agni):
As increased moistness reduces the intensity of the fire, the increased Kapha reduces the intensity of Agni. Kapha increasing foods and lifestyle cause this variation. Feeling Heaviness of body, swelling of eyelids (lower), belching which emit the smell of food consumed, and water brash are a few symptoms of indigestion caused by mandagni. Indigestion caused by mandagni is called amajeerna.
The decreased Agni improperly digests the food and this indigested food is sticky in nature and improperly nourishes tissues, causing weakness of the body. This sticky improperly digested food is called ama. Ama due to its sticky nature blocks the channels of the body, vitiate doshas, contaminates tissues, imbalance body functions, and cause diseases.
Causes of imbalance of Agni which lead to indigestion
1.Spicy foods, chilly, oily foods, medicines, milk and milk products, tobacco, and alcohol.
2. Irregular food habits and sleeping patterns.
3. Medications like pain killers, antibiotics, oral contraceptives, and steroids.
4. Intestinal parasites.
5. Diseases of pancreas, liver, gall bladder, intestinal infections, etc.
6. During pregnancy, premenstrual period, is a menopausal period in women.
7. Emotional upset like anxiety, stress, examination, family tensions, etc.
Home Remedies for Indigestion
1. Fasting completely for one day helps to normalize imbalanced Agni and digest ama.
2. Consuming liquid foods like yavagu or rice gruel, boiled vegetables, or fruit juices for 2- 3 days also improves Agni and relieves indigestion.
3. Avoid the factors (mentioned above) that cause indigestion.
4. Mix a ½ teaspoon of lemon juice, ½ teaspoon of ginger juice, and little rock salt or sendha namak in a cup of water and consume thrice daily.
5. Drinking ½ glass of warm water once in 2 hours increases Agni and digests ama.
6. Cook ½ cup of rice with 4 cups of water with crushed ginger (1”) and salt. Powder long pepper or pippali (2 or 3) and fry it in a spoon of cow’s ghee and add it to gruel. Consume this when it is hot. This is very light to digest and relieves colic pain.
7. Abdominal Massage (abhyanga) also helps to relieve indigestion. It loosens the tight muscles and increases the blood supply to the digestive system. American Journal of physical medicine and rehabilitation mentions that “Abdominal massage has positive effects on some clinical aspects of neurogenic bowel dysfunction in patients with spinal cord injury. “
Benefits of Balanced Agni
When food is completely digested by all the agnis, the body tissues will be well-nourished and one is blessed with attractive skin, hair, complexion, glow, longevity, strength, good health, growth, enthusiasm, vitality, and overall healthy development of body and mind.
Balanced agni supports the immune system and helps to boost immunity to diseases.
When a person Agni is normal he experiences a boost in memory and concentration
Consuming well-balanced food balances doshas and Agni and hence keeps the body healthy and free from diseases.
Author : Dr.Savitha Suri Consultant Ayurvedic Physician
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